What molecule binds to the TATA box during transcription initiation?

The TATA box is a crucial promoter sequence found in many eukaryotic genes and plays a significant role in the initiation of transcription. The correct molecule that binds to the TATA box is TFIID, a complex of proteins that includes the TATA-binding protein (TBP). When TFIID binds to the TATA box, it helps to recruit other transcription factors and RNA polymerase II to form the transcription pre-initiation complex.

The presence of TFIID at the TATA box is essential for the proper assembly of the transcription machinery, leading to the initiation of transcription. This process is part of the broader mechanism of gene expression regulation in eukaryotic cells. Once TFIID has bound to the TATA box, it triggers a series of further interactions with additional general transcription factors, which are necessary for the transcription process.

While general transcription factors are also involved in the transcription initiation process, TFIID is specifically recognized for its binding to the TATA box, making it the most fitting answer to this question.