What is the result of siRNA and miRNA binding to mRNA?

The binding of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) to messenger RNA (mRNA) leads to the blockage of translation. Both siRNA and miRNA are involved in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. When these small RNA molecules bind to their target mRNA, they either cause degradation of the mRNA or inhibit its translation into protein.

Specifically, siRNAs typically lead to the complete cleavage and degradation of mRNA, which results in the loss of the mRNA molecule. On the other hand, miRNAs often bind to complementary sequences in the mRNA and may inhibit translation or promote degradation through interactions with the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC).

This regulation is a crucial aspect of gene expression and cellular function, allowing the cell to fine-tune protein production in response to various conditions. By blocking translation, the cell can prevent unnecessary or harmful protein synthesis, which is vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis.