What is the primary job of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

The primary job of transfer RNA (tRNA) is to translate the genetic code into amino acids. tRNA molecules are essential in the process of translation, which occurs in the ribosome during protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that is complementary to a specific codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA). When the tRNA binds to the mRNA, it brings the corresponding amino acid that matches the codon sequence, effectively assembling the polypeptide chain according to the genetic instructions encoded in the mRNA.

This role of tRNA is crucial because it ensures that the correct amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, allowing for the synthesis of functional proteins that are vital for cellular processes. The accurate reading and translation of the mRNA sequence by tRNA are integral to maintaining the fidelity of gene expression and ensuring that proteins fold and function properly.

The other options focus on different aspects of molecular biology that do not pertain directly to the function of tRNA. For instance, protecting mRNA, facilitating splicing, or carrying genetic information from DNA are tasks performed by other molecules within the cell, such as mRNA itself, spliceosomal RNA, and DNA, respectively.